UST lost its peg to USD, trading at an All-Time-Low of 0.60 USD in Binance.
We’ll review the fundamentals behind Terra ecosystem and the timeline of events.
Fundamentals
The price of UST is pegged to USD by allowing people to reedem UST for an equivalent amount of LUNA: 1 UST is reedemable by 1 USD worth of LUNA, regardless of UST price.
Reedeming UST for LUNA increases the supply of LUNA and decreases the supply of UST (burns UST, mints new LUNA). This way supply-demand law, this will decrease the price of LUNA and increase the price of UST.
However, what happens if the market cap of UST is close to or higher than the market cap of LUNA, and everybody wants to sell their UST? (as in, today)
Lets imagine a situation where market cap LUNA = market cap UST and everyone uses redeems their UST. This would increase the supply of LUNA x2, inmediately halving its price. Thus, people would only get 0.50 USD for 1 UST.
Today, the situation is even worse than this, as market cap UST > market cap LUNA (15B and 12B USD).
Due to the insufficiency of this control mechanism against a run on UST with current market caps, the Luna Foundation Guard (LFG) added an extra control mechanism: when the time comes, they will hop-in and save the UST peg by deploying capital discretionally (+10B USD worth of BTC).
The time for applying this safeguard was today. A day with weaker and uncertain LFG reserves, due to falling price of BTC.
Timeline
- 6:40 PM (UTC)
With UST trading at 0.92 USDT, Do Kwon comes to the “rescue” by deploying more capital.
This means Luna Foundation Guard (LFG) injected 1.5B USD of liquidity into the market. Half of this capital was UST and half was BTC. It was sent to the Gemini exchange.
- 11:45 PM (UTC)
UST trading at 0.61 USDT on Sushiswap, forecasting the upcoming collapse on other exchanges.
At this time, UST was still trading over 0.80 USDT.
Attempts to arbitrage this price difference were curtailed by the over ~60 minutes waiting time to confirm transactions on Terra network
- 0:05 AM (UTC)
The price of UST keeps falling.
Binance sets an artificial cap 0.70 USD on UST: you were unable to buy/sell UST for less than 0.70 USD.
As UST keeps falling below 0.70 USD, it trades at this artificial price on binance.
Minutes later, Binance was forced by the market to release the cap. This cap lasted 10 minutes.
- 0:20 AM (UTC)
UST reaches All-Time-Low of 0.60 USDT
Update:
- 2:30 AM (UTC) At time of writing, UST is trading at 0.78 USDT on Binance
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